Psychology Theories for Celebrity Worship and Fandoms

Psychology Theories for Celebrity Worship and Fandoms ATHYNEA BURCHALL Outline and Evaluate what psychological research has shown about celebrity worship and intense fandom. What do you think are the real world implications? The topic of celebrity worship and intense fandom was once a media interest but this new phenomena is now a focus of psychological investigation and has been researched into by social; psychologist. This assignment is going to look into why people form parasocial relationships with celebrities sometimes with people they have never met. Intense fandom can be described as â€Å"Fandomis a term used to refer to a  subculture  composed of  fans  characterized by a feeling of sympathy and camaraderie with others who share a common interest. Fans typically are interested in even minor details of the object(s) of their fandom and spend a significant portion of their time and energy involved with their interest, often as a part of a  social network  with particular practices† wikipedia  [1] Celebrity worship is the idolisation of a celebrity or a group of celebrities, and therefore goes hand in hand with fandom, as groups of individuals come together in their worship of a specific celebrities or idols. Most of the time this fascination with their idols is a harmless activity hobby or past time however sometimes it can develop into an obsessive disorder coined as Celebrity Worship Syndrome (CWS). The term CWS first appeared in an article â€Å"Do you worship celebrities?† by James Chapman 2003 in the Daily Mail. â€Å"Celebrity worship syndromeis an obsessive-addictive disorder in which a person becomes overly involved with the details of a celebritys personal life. Psychologists have indicated that though many people obsess over glamorous  film,  television,  sport  and  pop  stars, the only common factor between them is that they are all figures in the public eye. The term Celebrity Worship Syndrome is in fact a misnomer.† Wikipedia [2] Gibson in her study goes on further to explain â€Å"Much research has been conducted about who engages in celebrity worship and what drives the compulsion. Celebrity worship for purely entertainment purposes likely reflects an extraverted personality and is most likely a healthy past time for most people. This type of celebrity worship involves harmless behaviours such as reading and learning about a celebrity. Intense personal attitudes towards celebrities, however, reflect traits of neuroticism. The most extreme descriptions of celebrity worship exhibit borderline pathological behaviour and traits of psychoticism. This type of celebrity worship may involve empathy with a celebritys failures and successes, obsessions with the details of a celebritys life, and over-identification with the celebrity. Gibson (2009)[3] Psychological research done in this area by Mc Cutcheon, Lange and Houran developed a scale on which to assess the level of obsessive behaviour a fan was exhibiting known as the Celebrity Attitude Scale. Mc Cutcheon from this study suggested that people who scored lower on the scale were â€Å"involved individualistic behaviour such as watching, listening to, reading and learning about celebrities whilst the higher levels of worship are characterized by empathy, over-identification, and obsession with the celebrity. Mc Cutcheon (2002)[4] In another study by Mc Cutcheon, he developed the absorption-addiction model to try and explain cases of celebrity worship. The study found a lack of personal identity and life fulfilment in a person’s life contributed to psychological absorption into a celebrity’s life, and could then develop into more extreme and obsessive behaviour, to try and sustain this identity that they have formed in relation to someone else. Later research done in the UK done by Maltby (2003) used a larger sample of participants for his study; found that there were 3 dimensions or levels to celebrity worship. Entertainment social, Intense personal and Borderline pathological. â€Å"Entertainment social refers to a normal degree of interest in the life of a favourite celebrity. It is manifested by, for example, a desire to discuss the celebrity with friends, and agreement that learning about the celebrity through magazines or newspapers represents â€Å"having a good time.† â€Å"Intense personal† celebrity worship involves the feeling of a strong personal â€Å"connection† with a celebrity. It is manifested by, for example, a feeling that the celebrity is a faultless soul mate, about whom the individual has frequent thoughts. Finally, â€Å"borderline pathological† worship is arguably the most detrimental form. It is manifested through a variety of bizarre beliefs such as a shared secret code through which the individual can communicate with the celebrity, a belief that the celebrity would come to help the individual in times of distress. North and Sheridan (2007)[5]. There have been various reasons attached to why celebrity worship happens, mass media has been blamed as celebrity stories are bombarded constantly by the media, via TV, magazines, and the internet, and even reputable newspaper high lighting celebrity gossip as front line news. â€Å"When we are incessantly being exposed to figures through any medium, par asocial interaction can be fostered, which is the building of an imaginary relationship between audience and the figure (Keas, 2008).[6] DNA has also been cited as a reason behind celebrity worship. â€Å"Fischoff, who has academically studied the cult of celebrity, says the very need to find an idol and follow him is programmed into our DNA.†Whats in our DNA, as a social animal, is the interest in looking at alpha males and females; the ones who are important in the pack, says Mischief. We are sociologically pre-programmed to follow the leader, he says, and notes that we are biochemical sitting ducks for the Hollywood star system; even the stars themselves get caught up in the mystique.† ABC news [7]. Also with one in three relationships now starting via the web may be social fragmentation can be contributing factor as well, â€Å" In today’s individualistic world, perhaps fantasy relationships with celebrities are easier to form than the real one Harrison,† (2006).[8] Statistics done by Ramanires in 2011 found that 1/3 of the worlds population is afflicted with some form of celebrity worship and this number is growing. What are the implications of these phenomena in everyday life? Fans who are addicted or obsessed with their idol will spend most of their time, energy, and money on following their celebrity, whether on-line, via magazines, papers or in person to find out new information, meet them, or find out what they are doing, in order to have a sense of knowing their celebrity and following their lives to be apart of the celebrity life themselves. This is detrimental to their own lives because a substitute for their own lives and is not real. It is instead of concentrating on productive activities and forming real relationship dint heir own lives. Fans are also willing to spend a lot of income on fan memorabilia, CD’s, downloads, and other promotional material. Aronowitz agrees, but also says entertainment media is at least partly to bl ame for creating the monster known as the celebrity super fan. The whole Hollywood spin machine works together to create images that are impossible for any of us to live up to. They purposefully set us up to admire and even covet something we can never have†¦. when we are completely vulnerable, they sell us the image even harder from headlines that titillate us with celebrity secrets, to the books, diets, cosmetics, foods, jewellery, and clothes that promise well be closer to the ones we adore. Aronowitz.[9] . However Houran argues â€Å"that people who worship celebrity at low level tend to be happier, more outgoing and more amiable as it is a form of social bonding, stress reduction, escapism and entertainment (Harrison, 2006)[10]. In addition, social mutual support and strong companionship can be found belonging to a Fandom group. Where fans can meet new friends with same interest through conventions, the fans club meeting or Internet, feel a sense of acceptance, support a nd belonging they don’t feel anywhere else in their lives, where they have a common interest and have something in common straight away so can communicate and form relationships easily. Like most things theres a dimensional approach here; there are some people who are fascinated by celebrities’ lives, but also involved in meaningful activities and relationships in their own lives, and for these people star watching is usually a harmless diversion, says Hollander This idolisation of celebrities and wanting to be like them as role models can have both positive and negative implications. Due to the exposure of the media a celebrity’s life is completely on display, showing the negative behaviours as well as the positive ones, such as smoking, taking drugs and drinking. Prior to Marilyn Monroe, a stars life was hidden from the public. But now, instead of a glossy ideal, we see celebritys ugly messes, including their drug and alcohol abuse, which, for many who admire these people, translates into a very dangerous message, says Aronowitz.[11] A survey done by Downing () â€Å"shows that many teenage girls confessed to changing their own opinions because of the influence of a celebrity, some even admitted to smoking after viewing smoking in movies; the same may be true for drug and alcohol use. Roughly half agree that their own peers drink or smoke cigarettes because they see their idols doing it. The survey revealed that most adolescent com pletely wants to look or going as far as plastic surgery and act like famous people. Moreover, nearly 60 percent of teens said they wanted to pierce a body part or get a tattoo because a celebrity has. And 77 percent believe that when a star loses weight, they would also do the same and loss weight. Downing ()[12]. A lot of picture found in magazines and on the internet of celebrities have been air brushed and the celebrity have had tanning, make up and hair done by professional artists. Fans try and imitate their idols, even though they do not look like this naturally in real life, and the fans will go to extreme lengths to copy them. There have been links to celebrity worship and anorexia and cosmetic surgery in teenage girls. This might explain why eating disorders are prevalent amongst teenagers to date. For some people, they are willing to undergo plastic surgery in virtue of imitating their favourite celebrity’s outlook. They believe they can have a better life like the celebrity if they look like the celebrity (Hareyan, 2006).[13] However it can be argued that then celebrities can be positive role models as well and therefore celebrity worship can have positive implications. For example living a healthy lifestyle, highlighting a cause and decreasing a stigma attached to issues suc h as Brooke Shields bringing post natal depression into the spot light. Many celebrities have used their popularity and fame to motivate people or to change their behaviour to be more positive. A Taiwanese celebrity, Chen Jian Zhou launched â€Å"a project named ‘Love Life’ to promote the important values of loving life. To date, there have been more than a hundred artistes join this project to promote ‘I Love Life’† (Wang, 2010)[14]. Giles also argued â€Å"the adoration of celebrities as role models or idols has been prevalent for many years and it can be argued that it is normal and a part of identity development within childhood and even adolescence† (Giles et al 2004)[15]. However there have also been psychological implications of celebrity worship. It starts to be mentally harmful to someone when a person starts to substitute idolising their celebrity for real life and real relationship, as they can lose focus on their own lives and became obsessed with a fantasy world escaping their reality. In North study in 2007 he found that celebrity worship can be associated with depression, social dysfunction, anxiety, stress, negative and reports of illness. Maltby also stated that celebrity worshippers have a lower psychological well-being than non-worshippers. â€Å"Though low levels of celebrity worship (entertainment-social) are not associated with any clinical measures, medium levels of celebrity worship (intense-personal) are related to fantasy proneness (approximately 10% of the shared variance), while high levels of celebrity worship (borderline-pathological) share a greater association with fantasy proneness (around 14% of the shared variance) and  dissociation  (around 3% of the shared variance, though the effect size of this is small and most probably due to the large sample size) These finding suggests that as celebrity worship becomes more intense, and the individual perceives having a relationship with the celebrity, the more the individual is prone to fantasies.† Wikipedia [16] Some fans are so obsessed that it becomes dangerous to themselves and the celebrity. For example â€Å"a dozen of Michael Jackson’s fans committed suicide after his death. One of them barely survived, yet he killed himself anyway as he wanted to be with Michael† Thompson, ( 2009)†[17]. However Aronowitz argues A lot of these people who fall deeply into celebrity worship are just abnormal pathology waiting to happen. The fact that it comes out in the form of idolization of a particular celebrity is less important than recognizing the pathology was there all along. And if it was not focused on a celebrity it would be foc used on something else, but it would still be there.[18] Aronowitz Conclusion Celebrity Worship and intense Fandom although has recently been researched by Psychologist I feel more investigations are needed into the implications of this growing phenomena as the research is based on small sample sizes, and mostly done in the UK and US. As statistics state this has become a worldwide phenomenon, which is only going to increase. Also mental health issues for the more extreme cases needs examining as the implications for these can negative and even dangerous. I feel mild forms of celebrity worship and intense fandom is harmless and can even be beneficial. As long as it doesn’t take over your life and a person is still participating in their own lives and reality. http://psychology.about.com/b/2009/09/01/the-psychology-behind-celebrity-worship.htm Abanes Richard. â€Å"Celebrity Worship.† Religions of the stars: What hollywood believes and how it affects you. n.eds. Minneapolis: Bethany House. 2009. Print. Alexander, Jeffrey C. The Celebrity-Icon. Cultural Sociology 4.3 (2010): 323-336. SocINDEX with Full Text. Web. 29 Oct. 2013. Downing, Alexandrea. Calista Flockheart And Britney Spears: Celebrity Culture And Its Role In Shaping Adolescent Identity. Conference Papers American Sociological Association (2004): 1-12. SocINDEX with Full Text. Web. 30 Oct. 2013. Hollander, Paul. Michael Jackson,tghe The Celebrity Cult, And Popular Culture. Society 47.2 (2010): 147-152.SocINDEX with Full Text. Web. 29 Oct. 2013. North, Adrian C., and Lorraine P. Sheridan. Death, Attractiveness, Moral Conduct, And Attitudes To Public Figures. Omega: Journal Of Death Dying 60.4 (2009): 351-363. SocINDEX with Full Text. Web. 29 Oct. 2013. Parkins, Wendy. Oprah Winfreys Change Your Life TV And The Spiritual Everyday. Continuum: Journal Of Medi a Cultural Studies 15.2 (n.d.): 145-157. SocINDEX with Full Text. Web. 31 Oct. 2013. http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Healthday/story?id=7941766page=2 Giles, D. C. (2004). Parasocial interaction: a review of the literature and a model for future research.Media Psychology. Maltby, J., Day, L., McCutcheon, L. E., Gillett, R., Houran, J., Ashe, D. D. (2004). Personality and coping: A context for examining celebrity worship and mental health. British Journal of Psychology, 95, 411428. Maltby, J., Giles, DC., Barber, L. McCutcheon, L.E. (2005). Intense-personal celebrity worship and body image: Evidence of a link among female adolescents.British Journal of Health Psychology, 10(1), 17-32. McCutcheon et al (2002). Are parasocial relationship styles reflected in love styles? Current Research in SocialPsychology, 7, 8293 North, A. C., Hargreaves, D. J. (2007). Problem music and self-harming. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior ,36, 582590. Sheridan et al (2006). Celebrity Worship, addiction and criminality. Psychology, crime and law. 13 (6) 559-571. Giles, D. C. (2004). Parasocial interaction: a review of the literature and a model for future research.Media Psychology. http://psychologicalgirl.wordpress.com/2013/01/02/the-psychology-behind-celebrity-worship/ References: Maltby, J., Giles, DC., Barber, L. McCutcheon, L.E. (2005). Intense-personal celebrity worship and body image: Evidence of a link among female adolescents.British Journal of Health Psychology, 10(1), 17-32. North, A.C., Sheridan, L. Maltby, J. Gillett, R. (2007). Attributional style, self-esteem, and celebrity worship.Media Psychology, 9(2), 291-308. http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/11/23/the-psychology-of-celebrity-worship/ Jump up^Do you worship the celebs? | Mail Online. Dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-07-11. Jump up^Do you have Celebrity Worship Syndrome? | Mail Online. Dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-07-11. Jump up^The Psychology Behind Celebrity Worship. Celebrities.knoji.com. 2010-07-24. Retrieved 2012-07-11. involved individualistic behavior such as watching, listening to, reading and learning about celebrities whilst the higher levels of worship are characterized by empathy, over-identification, and obsession with the celebrity. Jump up^McCutcheon, L. E., Lange, R., Houran, J. (2002). Conceptualization and measurement of celebrity worship. British Journal of Psychology, 93, 67-87. Jump up^Maltby, J., Houran, J., Lange, R., Ashe, D., McCutcheon, L.E. (2002). Thou Shalt Worship No Other Gods Unless They Are Celebrities. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 1157-1172. Jump up^Maltby; McCutcheon, Lowinger (06/01/2011).Brief report: celebrity worshipers and the five-factor model of personality..North American Journal of Psychology13(2): Table 1. Retrieved 29 June 2013. Jump up^Moore, JD. (2006)Confusing Love with Obsession. Hazelden Books, Center City, MO Jump up^Why People Stalk Celebrities: johndmoore.net| retrieved 12-12-17 ^Jump up to:abhttp://www.uic.edu/depts/owa/stalking_profiles.html Jump up^http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/celebrity-stalking-victims-gallery-1.45896?pmSlide=1.89946 Jump up^http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/176/3/206.full Jump up^http://psychologyofstalking.wikispaces.com/Typology+of+Stalkers ^Jump up to:abchttp://www.researchgate.net/publication/10935546_A_clinical_interpretation_of_attitudes_and_behaviors_associated_with_celebrity_worship/file/d912f50d5e0f69bca6.pdf Jump up^Maltby, J., Houran, J., Ashe, D., McCutcheon, L.E. (2001). The Self-Reported Psychological Well-Being of Celebrity Worshippers. North American Journal of Psychology, 3, 441-452. Jump up^Maltby, J., Day, L., McCutcheon, L.E., Gillett, R., Houran, J., Ashe, D. (2004). Celebrity Worship using an adaptational-continuum model of personality and coping. British Journal of Psychology. 95, 411-428. Jump up^Maltby, J., Giles, D., Barber, L. McCutcheon, L.E. (2005). Intense-personal Celebrity Worship and Body Image: Evidence of a link among female adolescents. British Journal of Health Psychology, 10, 17-32. Jump up^Maltby, J., Day, L., McCutcheon, L.E., Houran, J. Ashe, D. (2006). Extreme celebrity worship, fantasy proneness and dissociation: Developing the measurement and understanding of celebrity worship within a clinical personality context. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 273-283. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebrity_worship_syndrome [1] Wikipedia retrieved 17/4/14 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fandom [2] Wikipedia retrieved 17/4/14 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebrity_worship_syndrome [3] Gibson (2009 retrieved) 16/4/14 from http://psychology.about.com/b/2009/09/01/the-psychology-behind-celebrity-worship.htm [4] . Mc Cutcheon (2002) McCutcheon, L. E., Lange, R., Houran, J. (2002). Conceptualization and measurement of celebrity worship. British Journal of Psychology, retrieved 17/4/14 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebrity_worship_syndrome [5] North, A.C., Sheridan, L. Maltby, J. Gillett, R. (2007). Attributional style, self-esteem, and celebrity worship.Media Psychology, retrieved 17/4/14 from http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/11/23/the-psychology-of-celebrity-worship/ [6] Keas 2006 [7] Fischoff, Ph.D., senior editor,Journal of Media Psychology, retrieved 17/4/14 from http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Healthday/story?id=7941766page=2 [8] Harrison 2008 [9] Aronwitz [10] Hollander, M.D., retrieved 16/4/14 from [11] Aronowitz, retrieved 17/4/14 from http://www.webmd.com/balance/features/new-age-celebrity-worship?page=4 [12] Downing, Alexandrea. Calista Flockheart And Britney Spears: Celebrity Culture And Its Role In Shaping Adolescent Identity. Conference Papers American Sociological Association (2004): 1-12. SocINDEX with Full Text. Web. 30 Oct. 2013. [13] Hareyn 2006 [14] (Wang, 2010 [15] Giles, D. C. (2004). Parasocial interaction: a review of the literature and a model for future research.Media Psychology. Retrieved 16/4/14 from http://psychologicalgirl.wordpress.com/2013/01/02/the-psychology-behind-celebrity-worship/ [16] Wikipedia retrieved 16/4/14 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebrity_worship_syndrome [17] Thompson 2009, [18] Aronowitz retrieved 17/4/14 from http://www.webmd.com/balance/features/new-age-celebrity-worship?page=4

American Democracy :: essays research papers

Ravi Purohit-PUB 1250 2/16/05 The paper in which I chose to write about is American Democracy. When the thirteen British colonies in North America declared their independence in 1776, they laid down that â€Å"governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.† This meant that they wanted a government for the people, run by the people. This is one of the basic ideals upon which our nation was founded. The â€Å"colonies† needed to have a written constitution to define and therefore more specifically limit government powers. After the Articles of Confederation failed to work in the 13 colonies, the U.S. Constitution was created in 1787. One ideal found in the Preamble of the Constitution is the ideal that majority rules. In our government, the Congress uses majority rules to pass bills, through Congress and the President. As there are so many checks and balances, sometimes they don’t even make it as bill. This is one of the ideals found in the Constitution. This separation of powers, within the three co-ordinate branches, the legislative, executive, and judiciary branch has no supremacy over the others. This was designed to prevent any branch, from infringing individual liberties safeguarded by the Constitution. Our constitutional rights are very important. Without these rights, the United States would not be any different from other places of the world that do not have as many rights. Our rights secure our liberties and ensure justice for all. I believe the Constitution was such a great document necessary for achieving American Democracy. This document was very concise in its expressed powers. In the words of James Madison, â€Å"If men were angels, no government would be necessary.† This was from Federalist #51 and states the only way government wouldn’t be needed is if we all were perfect angels and we wouldn’t need rules. The Declaration of Independence means to me that all men and women join freely together to make an equal government for the U.S. This is basically said in the preamble by a famous quote: "All men are created equal." The ideal of our government have remained true over 225 years. The U.S. grants its citizens with the rights such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion, etc, which separates us from other countries. I think that all countries should be able to decide what government they want to have until they harm the United States of America in any way.

Self-Esteem and Self-Concept :: Self Image Self Perception Essays

In today’s age and the growing trend in American society of â€Å"what’s hot and what’s not†, is having a huge impact on young children’s self-concept and self-esteem. Self-concept â€Å"refers to the beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and ideas people have about themselves,† whereas self-esteem is â€Å"a personal judgment of worthiness that indicates the extent to which the individual believes himself to be capable, significant, successful, and worthy (392).†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My interest on this subject was peaked after spending the evening with my five year-old cousin, Sami, last week. We were sitting and eating dinner when she said, â€Å"Cali, I am fat and ugly.† Well, I almost fell out of my chair. At the age of five, she was already cutting herself down. â€Å"Research shows that physical appearance is the strongest correlate of global self-worth in childhood and adolescence (398).†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, our textbook explains that children around my cousin’s age have a hard time defining their sense of self. They tend to describe their physical characteristics, areas of interest, family life, etc (394). Nowhere in the text does it say that a child her age should be viewing herself in terms of physical attractiveness. Adolescence and high school students are more apt to make judgments of themselves, not children in kindergarten.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I feel that television, magazines, books and the internet make our youth have a lower self-esteem because they feel they are not as good looking as the characters on their favorite television show. My cousin watches Nickelodeon and even on children’s shows it seems there are no ugly or fat children. The actresses look older than I do because of all the make-up and their choice of clothing. What does that say to our youth? â€Å"Most American girls receive consistent and clear messages that beauty is defined in terms of being ‘slim and trim’ (398).†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the classroom, self-concept and self-esteem have a huge impact on how well a child does in school. When I was in elementary school and especially high school, I would classify myself as being a good language arts student, but a poor Math and Science student. In elementary school there isn’t as much competition between students, therefore I didn’t feel the need to comment on my strengths and weaknesses. Like the author says, â€Å"and older student’s self-concept may be further broken down according to success in individual subject areas, such as reading, mathematics, or science (394).† In elementary school, all of the subjects could be incorporated into one lesson, while in high school the students switch classes and concentrate on a certain subject per period.

Pearl Harbor the Movie Essay -- Movies Film

"Yesterday, December 7, 1941, a day which will live in infamy, the United States of America, was suddenly and deliberately attacked by Naval and Air Forces of the Empire of Japan," delivered by Franklin D. Roosevelt is regarded as one of the most important speeches given in US History to date. The speech was delivered to the State of the Union marking the United States' entrance into the Second World War against Japan and Germany. The concept of the theatrical feature Pearl Harbor was to replicate the epic battle in 1941 for the 60th anniversary of the infamous event. The film was directed by Michael Bay and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer, which stars Ben Affleck, Josh Hartnett, Kate Beckinsale, Cuba Gooding Jr., and Alec Baldwin. The film was released on May 25, 2001 and was shown at a premiere gala in Pearl Harbor, HI aboard the USS John C. Stennis. Bay recalls during a behind the scenes interview, "I have no idea if we can do this movie. I don't want to do it unless we can do it right and create the world as real as possible." (2001) The producers and director wanted to create the most accurate account of this great travesty on American soil. They felt that this was an important event in history and that it should be recreated on the big screen so all of those who lived through it, and those who could learn from it would get a better appreciation of what happened that day. The Pentagon saw this film as a way to reflect credit to those who survived that day and to the over 1,100 sailors that perished in the waters of Pearl Harbor. The creators wanted this film to be one that would be remembered as one of the first military action films the encompassed the entire event and maintained it accuracy well. The filmmakers... ...ied after the Doolittle Raid. The final product that Michael Bay and Jerry Bruckheimer produced was a clear-cut masterpiece that fully recounts accurately the attack on Pearl Harbor and how the service members reacted during the peril. The movie was based on the epic event and the attention to detail for the film is extraordinary. The accuracy of the aerial attack dropping the bombs in the harbor was excellent, and the explosions on the ships were magnificent. The history of the attack of Pearl Harbor can be accurately taught simply by watching the film. We feel that this is the most accurate and compelling film that fully describes the events of the Pearl Harbor bombing and would recommend that anyone whom wants to learn about this event should watch the film. References: Bay, M. (Director). (2001) Pearl Harbor [Motion Picture]. United States: Thouchstone.

Article Review: Learning Organizations Essay

A learning organization is any organization that uses its power to acquire knowledge while managing to stay innovative enough to remain competitive in a constantly changing environment. Learning organizations have four main objectives: To create a culture that not only encourages, but also supports an environment of continuous employee learning, critical thinking, and taking risk with new innovative ideas. Understands and allows mistakes while valuing employee contributions. Learns from their mistakes through experience, and experiment with these ideals Disseminate any new knowledge throughout the organization for rapid and successful implementation into the day-to-day activities. (BusinessDictionary.com, 2012) Article: Studying the Relationship between Components of the Learning Organization and Organizational Commitment (Forozandeh, Soleimani, Shah Nazari, & Nasri, 2011) Article Summary Organizational learning and the institutionalization of the learning organization are some of the most important factors of a successful business organization in today’s complicated, ever changing, and dynamic global business environment. The major capital in any learning organization is its employees and their commitment to the organization. The purpose of the article being reviewed is to study the relationship among components of the organization (System thinking, team learning experiences, Personal masters, mental models, and their shared visions) and their organizational commitment. The data collection was completed using the descriptive-field method on a cement company located in Iran; it consisted of 50 people, and was collected by means of a survey in July of 2011. Based on the results of the survey, there is a noticeable and significant relationship among every component of the learning organization and their organizational commitment (Forozandeh, Soleimani, Shah Nazar i, & Nasri, 2011). Author’s Conclusions  and Recommendations The authors of the article conclude that the results of their survey illustrate that the organizational commitment is one of the most important and effective factors in changing any organization to a learning organization. When the employees of a business have more of a commitment to the organization, the implementation of the learning organization is accepted with more facilitation, or the employees are more open to the idea. The results show that managers who want to establish a learning organization should provide the means for commitment towards the organization as much as possible. This factor will also help increase job performance and progress as well as help managers in the transformation towards the learning organization. Creating a learning organization on the other hand develops more commitment of the employees towards the organization. Reviewers Conclusion and Recommendations After reading the article, the authors conducted a survey to find the commitment to the organization and tried to establish how well the organization was creating an environment for a learning organization. Through a simple survey base of 50 employees, the authors were able to establish a link between employee commitment and the basis of a learning organization. This shows an important link between innovation and a learning organization: you have to have the commitment and dedication of the employees in order to implement an innovative and learning organization environment. Without the commitment of the employees (who are essentially responsible for carrying out any new implementations), you cannot foster a learning environment, as you will have employees unwilling to participate and be a part of the solution. This conclusion would be a factor for any organization in any business model to consider. In the new and ever changing global markets (as the market is no longer based on local or even continental markets), a company has no choice but to accept change and grow with the markets in an effort to remain innovative and competitive. To do this, you have to have a learning organization committed to and able to accept change. This will require a learning environment with the ability to learn and change as often as needed. In order to have a learning  environment, you have to have employee commitment! How these Concepts Apply to the Reviewers Organization The concepts discussed in this article would apply to any organization in many ways. The organization I work for is in the food distribution business, and one thing that is lacking is the ability to grow and become a learning organization. The organization is not willing to learn and grow with the ever-changing industry and as a result, they have begun to lose millions of dollars in business to their competition. One concept lacking in our business is the ability to change to meet the customer’s needs, they are only committed to their own wants. This environment is a perfect example for what a learning organization is not. Every suggestion to change given to upper management by the employees to help the organization or the employees are considered and essentially ignored. Some companies are not able or lack the ability to change with the environment, and shrinking sales and lack of employee commitment are the results. There is not a lack of trying from the employees, who value their jobs and want to see the company grow. However, you cannot foster a learning environment when you have a management system that is not willing to learn or change with their environment. References BusinessDictionary.com. (2012). Learning Organization. Retrieved from http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/learning-organization.html Forozandeh, L., Soleimani, M., Shah Nazari, A., & Nasri, H. (2011, October). Studying the relationship between components of the learning organization and organizational commitment. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(6), 497-509. Retrieved from UOP Library October 22, 2012

A Technology of Life

The rising outrank of technological development brings world-shaking component to todays ongoing lush pace of life. It has signifi sterntly impacted volumes lives that their ways of doing things as surface as their means of doing things have already formd to conform to technological trends.Its powerful marrow on almost every mortals life is remarkably manifested in the rafts en consequentlyiastic betrothal and immersion to transport brought about by engineering attainment. Indeed, engineering science influences messs trend of thinking, behaving, and doing things. It has also directly and indirectly shapes certain(prenominal) behavior patterns and values among people peculiarly the young generation. It has even become a guide for social interaction and thus, has already become part of everybodys every day life.The fast technological change brings both desirable and undesirable changes in our finis. Technology development can alone be viewed as a ethnic progress ion if its desirable impact to the culture and hunting lodge is capitalized.Further, applied science is considered a cultural progression if changes brought about redound to the highest enliven of an organization and to the society as a whole. It should not only arrive at contraption unless should facilitate optimum upshot and productiveness of anything where technology is occasiond or applied. Some of the considerable beneficial entrap of technology is it works to decrease transaction cost in the industry firmament while, technology, particularly communication bridges the withdrawnness between unmarrieds. Also, it must be noted that technology instanter promoted and encouraged around-the-clock invention and innovation.However, one should always be reminded of the fact that too much of anything is dangerous, thus too much dependence to technology might also demean infixed creativity and intelligence of people and nourish a technology-dependent society.Technology h as undeniably successfully change peoples values, beliefs, and ways of behaving which argon aspects that reflect the culture of the refreshed society.The unbeatable development in technology and its affordability has triggered a domino marrow that has changed how people and society behaves. It has created a cultural change as people in todays environment has no option to upkeep abreast with the raw world but to embrace technology and its resulting change, and learn to use and live with it.Technology provides people with the tool to stagger and live with the demands of the changing environment peculiarly the industrial world. It creates competitive advantage that in the corporate world technology now is power (Coon).It is a fact that this rapid technological change creates convenience among people even in industrial organizations. match to Hannagan (1998), the introduction of technology has speeded up spherical communication and make possible for knowledge to be transmitted promptly (p. 602) facilitating immediate transaction.These developments have served to facilitate global clientele developments as well as individual relationship. In fact one of the most concrete examples of the beneficial use of technology to communication is well articulated in the statements of Davis and Meyer (1999) that the development of mobile technologies have made connection available to anyone, anytime, and any address (p. 9). Technology serves to speed up caper and personal transactions maximizing productivity and usability of time.The communication revolution has a threatening effect on the lives of people. This effect makes the new communication technology essential to people lives. To concretize this is to relate my experience with that of my start out when communication technology was not still developed. During their time, distance can really create so much challenge as immediate communication was not available.However, in my time now, owning mobile phone is not a luxury but already a necessity. It helps one to receive weighty information immediately, facilitate immediate deals and decision making, communicate and stay close with the family and significant people, and socialize with friends. Its added attributes like calculator, calendar, camera and others can also help the owner or user in various ways making life easier and less complicated. Indeed, technology has really provided practicality and convenience to its user and to the modern society.Reference ListCoon, D. Technologys positive effect on culture, class, and gender. Retrieved March 14, 2007from http//www.leon.leon.k12.fl.us/lion/dept/science/coon/Vita/techclass.htmlDavis, S. & Meyer, C. (1999). Blur The speed of change in the connected economy. USAPerseus Publishing.Hannagan, T. (1998). focus Concepts and practices (2nd ed). Great Britain PearsonEducation Limited.

Republic of the Philippines Essay

Chapter 1THE PROBLEMIntroduction s nookytiness has been a major(ip) bother in the Philippines.Unfortunately, the flesh of Filipinos smarting from the aforementi angiotensin-converting enzymed(prenominal) social chore is increasing every year.Some down more than enough to eat, argon swell up clothe and heavy, and stool a reasonable degree of regimen security still others may nurse unequal nourishment and shelter. Their wellness is often wretched, they may be unemployed and their prospects for a fall apart life be uncertain at scoop.As one of the developing countries, the Philippines is distillery suffering from several sociological and economic problems. incidence of distress seems unstoppable. Many Filipinos be suffering from complete privation and hunger and the worse thing is these undefended nations are rapidly increasing in number. (Monterola, 2013) In enclosures of Education, the governance is likewise facing a very terrible problem.There are more slimy people families elicit non provide for the commandment of their infantren. Some families give the bounce only afford to eat one repast a day and they cant until now send their youngsterren to shoaldays. Some durations the parents encour duration their babyren to snip and profit for their living, so that they can befool something to eat. But we can non reprove them, be accept sometimes it is better to deal something for supper, than to sop up something to break away your mind. (Mochique, 2012) Low-income parents are often overwhelmed by diminished self-esteem, depressive dis sanctify, and a sense of powerlessness and in superpower to copefeelings that may get passed along to their children in the form of wanting(p) nurturing, negativity, and a general failure to focus on childrens removes. (Jensen,2009) In a teaching of steamy problems of children of single mothers, (Eamon and Zuehl,2001) found that the stress of need add-ons depression grade among m others, which results in an change magnitude delectation of physiologic punishment.Children themselves are also susceptible to depression query shows that beggary is a major predictorof adolescent depression Children raised in indigence seldom choose to behave differently, but they are face quotidian with overwhelming ch completelyenges that affluent children never have to confront, and their brains have adapted to suboptimal thoughtfulnesss in ways that counteract good condition day act.(Denny et al., 2004). There are many factors that can coin academic performance. The physical condition of the pupil has a great deal to do with that persons efficiency to do a good job on anything and to understand anything. For example, if the pupil has poor eyesight, he/she cogency non be able to read well. If the student has hearing impairment, he/she might not be able to harken and understand instruction. If student has disease, it might impair his/her ability to do the requ ired work. A students Socio Economic Status (SES) can affect his/her ability to perform well academically.Read more policy-making Issues in the PhilippinesStudent with less money might not be able to purchase prepare supplies (rulers, paper, pens, computer, books, etc.) that could help them with their work. They might not also higgle their doctors and dentist very often and might suffer from undiagnosed illness or dental problems that cause pain or otherwise impair the students ability to perform well. To prevent this, the government retrieves of some ways to give every Filipino archaean days the pedagogics they de distribute, because every y come outh deserves to have a decent command for them to be the contiguous leaders not only of their generation but of the country as well. We should also take carry on of their wel fartheste. The proclamation of SB No. 3412 PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM ( quadruple Ps) has been a cock-a-hoop help to the youth, as the native be neficiaries.The platform aims to help not only the youth of Metro Manila but also the youth of the whole country. Our government is one of the institutions that guide or motivate us to succeed. They want to prioritize our rights, curiously for the children. They want us to achieve the primary education thats why, public schools were built. But on that points still a high absentee rate of the students because the income of their parents can only provide them food. This weapons platform aims to eradicate pauperization and hunger, achieve universal primary education, produce sex e timbre, reduce child morality and improve enatic wellness by the fiscal assistance given to the recipients or poor families. It is very helpful in our community because many poor families are in need of better wellness asnd better education. (Mochique,2012) parameter of the ProblemThis have aims to acquire the Effects of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino chopine (Four Ps) to the faculty member Perfor mance of Beneficiaries in Antongalon Butuan city. Specifically, it pass on seek to answer the following questions 1. What is the indite of the Beneficiaries in legal injury of 1.1 Age1.2 Sex1.3 Family Size and1.4 call downs periodic Income?2. What is the wellness condition of Beneficiaries in terms of 2.1 wellness practices2.2 Nutritional practices and2.3 Socio Economic Status?3. What is the extent of the instruction execution of four Ps?4. What is the take aim of Academic performance of the Beneficiaries in Antongalon chief(a) condition?5. Is on that point a Significant Effect of the Four Ps political platform to the Academic Performance of the pupils in relation to the Health and Condition of Beneficiaries?6. Is there crucial relationship between the profile of beneficiaries with the academic performance of the pupils?7. Is there significant difference before and riper on they become a four Ps member? HypothesisOn the primer of the problem of the study, the hypo thesis below give be hypothecate and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Ho1 The Four Ps course has no significant topic to the Academic Performance in relation to the Health and Condition of BeneficiariesTheoretical FrameworkThis study volition be anchored on the theory that Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino course of study (Four Ps) influences the academic performance of the Beneficiaries. The Constitution, Article 2, Section 9 provides thatThe State shall promote a just and fighting(a) social order that lead ensure the prosperity and in frontence of the nation and free the people from poverty with policies that provide adequate social work, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an ameliorate quality of life for all. According to 2006 Annual Poverty Statistics of the National Statistical Coordination Board, 27.9 Million Filipinos or ternion (l/3) of the entire population are poor. To address this problem the subdivision of mixer Welfare and Developmen t (DSWD) together implemented a Conditional immediate payment broadcast weapons platform known as Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) divine by the successes of similar weapons platforms in Latin American countries such(prenominal) as Bolsa Familia in brazil-nut tree, Familias en Accion in Colombia and Oportunidades in Mexico. In Esperanza and Sibagat, Agusan del Sur for example, two of the archetype areas of the 4Ps elementary school registration has increased by fifteen share (15%).Children covered by 4Ps have higher attendance compared to the general population of children in school. There has also been a significant increase in the vaccination rate as well as a decrease in preponderance of malnutrition among children. Given the far reaching effects of this platform in empowering the poor to cross over from their lives of poverty to a better future, there is a need to ensure the sustainability of this Program from one administration to another. reciprocal ohm L earning on Conditional Cash Transfers shop grade held at ADB Headquarters, 16-19 April 2013 that was organized in cooperation with Inter-American Development Bank. The shop class aimed to enhance understanding of policy makers from developing countries in Asia and the Pacific roughly(predicate) lessons learned from the use of CCT programs in Latin America and Caribbean. The field visit to Santa female horse and Pandi in Bulacan province (around 40km northeast of Manila) to learn about(predicate) the program premiere hand and interact with the beneficiaries and program administrators was enriching.The beneficiaries addressd their personal stories on how blessed they entangle to be a part of Pantawid Pamilya. Many parents previously were overburdened with worry on raising a family and not earning enough money to contribute their children. What short parents earned from odd jobs was only sufficient for daily expensestheir children frequently fell ill due to wanting(p) food and vitamins causing them to miss school. But this all changed for the better under Pantawid Pamilya. (Health Team, 2013) In our study, we testament know, if these theories are actually true. We volition going to identify if the Four Ps implemented by the government is really effectual for the improvement of the beneficiaries in Antongalon Elementary School interms of, performance, and other educational tuition of the child.Schematic DiagramIn helpless Variables aqui by-line VariablesFigure 1.Shows the Schematic Diagram of the Study substance of the Study The study aims to determine the effects of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Four Ps) to the academic performance of beneficiaries. The result of the study pass on be beneficial to the following Students. It ordaining give assureation regarding their academic performance in school. They will be encourage and try their best to of importtain their good performance in school as a beneficiaries.Parents. They will be info rm if the said program is really helpful in the improvement of the school performance of their child.Government. They will be aware if the said program that they implemented is really effective in terms of education of the beneficiaries or not. And if they will find out that it will not improve the educational development of beneficiaries, they will think another strategies that will improve this program. School Administrators. It will provide data regarding to the academic performance of the beneficiaries. chain and Delimitations of the StudyThe Study will be conducted in Antongalon Elementary School. It involves all the beneficiary of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program( Four Ps) as a respondent. The main adjudicate of this study is to identify the Effect of Four Ps Program to the Academic Performance, and its Significant Effect in relation to the Health Condition of the beneficiaries. This is to give us culture if the said program is really effective or there are positive or ne gative changes to the academic performance of the beneficiaries.Definition of cost To understand better the terms to be employ in the study, the following terms will be operationally. Academic Performance. This term refers to differentiate things that relate to the work done in schools. Family Size. This term refers to describe the number of sept members. Health and Condition. This term refers to describe healthy lifestyle of the beneficiaries wether they live in a hefty environment or not. Nutritional Status. This term refers to describe the state of the Four Ps beneficiaries health in terms of the nutrients in his or her diet. Parents Monthly Income. This term refers to describe the second-rate earning of an individual in a month. Socio Economic Status. This term refers to describe the indicator that the beneficiaries are or is not economically disadvantaged based on his or her parents or family incomeChapter 2REVIEW OF RELATED belles-lettresThis chapter presents the revie w of related literature and studies which serve as orientation of the writer to the different plans, theories, methods, and treatments of the areas explored in the study. connect LiteraturePoverty remains a big challenge for the Philippines. Income poverty in the Philippines has generally declined since the wee 1990s. From 33.1 percent of the population being poor in1991, the share of poor Filipinos was brought down to 24.9 percent in 2003. In novel historic period, however, there was a reversal in this trend. Latest official poverty estimates show that poverty has increased since 2003. In 2009, the share of the poor population, or those who are unable to meet their underlying food and non-food require, was estimated at 26.5 percent (NSCB, 2011). In addition to income poverty, gay development outcomes especially in education and health care lagging. Primary education is still far from universal while maternal deathrate and child malnutrition are among the highest in East Asi a and Pacific luck (NEDA, 2010). This happened despite the historically high record of economic growth in 2000 until 2010, which have raged 4.7 percent every year versus 2.4 percent of the two decades before. This suggests that, on aggregate, the poor have not profited from growth. ( Velarde & Frnandez, 2011)The limited capability of Filipinos to manage shocks slows the grand of reducing poverty. The failure of poverty to decline in 2009 was attributed mainly to the impacts of confused crises that affected many Filipinos in 2008 and 2009, which include the food and fuel crises, the global financial crisis, and the disaster brought about by typhoons Ondoy and Pepeng in late 2009.The 2009 national househ overage survey revealed that about 9.4 percent of the population, or about 8 million Filipinos, are living just above the poverty line and are at risk of falling into poverty when income shocks like these arise.2 The poor faces greater risks as they have limited means to cope. Su rveys show that the poor were and so disproportionately affected by recent shocks.3 In particular, it was found that the El Nio in early 2010affected 58 percent of the poorest family lines, half of whom depend on agriculture as their familys main source of income.The 2008 food crisis was also estimated to have increased the income shortfall of the poor from the poverty line by 1.3 percentage points, mainly because the poor are crystalize consumers of rice (World Bank, 2008). Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4 Ps) is the Philippine measure up cash transfer program that aims to improve quality of life of the less fortunate family/families and end the wheel around of poverty by investing a tender-hearted great(p). It is a program that leads by the DSWD Agency (Department of Social Welfare and Development) together with the DepED (Department of Education) and also DOH (Department of Health). This is a partnership between the two government agencies that aims to fabricate jo bs for people who are the beneficiaries of Aquinos Administration (Vecina 2013). The Pantawid Pamilya was launched in February 2008 with the first 330,000household beneficiaries (Set 1) and then scaled up in 2009 to cover another 320,000 households (Set 2).By April2011,theprogram has grown to about 1.9 million household beneficiaries and is slated for further expansion by the end of 2011 and 2012. To become eligible for the Pantawid Pamilya, a household needs to satisfy a uniform restrict of criteria, which include (i) residing in program areas of the Pantawid Pamilya, (ii) being set as poor based on a proxy means test (PMT), and (iii) having a heavy(predicate) woman or having at least one child below 15 years old at the timeof enrolment into the program ( Velarde & Fernandez, 2011). Since 2007, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) of the Philippines is the qualified cashtransfer program implemented by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), along with cooperative partner institutions such as the Department of Education, Department of Health, Department of the Interior and Local Government, and mixed other government institutions. The 4Ps was precedented afterward the conditional cash transfer programs in Latin American and African countries which have been proven successful as a poverty reduction and social development measure (DSWD, 2011).The Four Ps program serves as the governments answers to the pressing issues regarding poverty. Calvo (2011) defines the CCT as programs that provide cash benefits to finance the basic needs and foster investment in human capital to extremely poor households. These benefits are conditioned on certain behaviors, usually related to investments in nutrition, health, and education. The offset of CCT (4 Ps) programs occurred during the late 1990s, with Mexicos innovative show up program emerging as one of the soonest schemes in 1997. The evidences highlighting the effectiveness of Progress inc ite a rise in similar programs across Latin America. Throughout the late 1990s and into the early part of the new century, CCT programs were implemented in Honduras, Brazil and Nicaragua. CCT (Conditional Cash Transfer or 4 Ps) programs are presently being implemented in several Latin American countries including Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico, and several more.Indonesia and Pakistan are only some of the Asian countries which employ the CCT programs as a major tool of their social policy. In general, these programs provide money and financial assistance to poor families under the condition that those transfers are used as an investment on their childrens human capital, such as regular school attendance and basic preventive health care. The main mission of intimately CCT programs is to prevent inter-generational transference of poverty, that is to say, investing in boyish children and providing them with the provisions necessary for better opportunities in the future. c osmos a conditional cash transfer program, beneficiaries perk up namings when they comply with program conditions. The Pantawid Pamilya provides two types of grants a health grant of Php500 ($125) per household per month for 12 months and an education grant of Php300 ($7) per 6-14 year old child tending school (for a maximum of 3 children in this age range)for 10 months of the school year.6 Health conditions gull to pregnant mothers andchildren aged 0-5, while education conditions break to children aged 6-14.A beneficiary household can receive a maximum health grant of Php6,000 ($143) and a maximum education grant of Php3,000 ($72) per child if it complies with the health and education conditional ties of the program100 percent passim the year. Actual grants received by beneficiaries depend on their compliance to health and education conditions, which is regularly monitored through the Pantawid Pamilyas Compliance Verification System (CVS). base on the latest CVS reports, ch ildrens attendance to school and visits to health centers have been improving in 2010. In the last quarter of 2010, close to 80percent of children registered to receive the Pantawid Pamilya education grant complied with the program conditions, that is, they were present in school at least 85 percent of the time during that period. Compliance of children registered to receive the health grant alter as well especially among Set 2 beneficiaries, although at a slower pace than education.The increase in compliance rates especially in early 2010 also reflects efforts made in modify beneficiary information. This ensured that schools and health centers where children go are properly recorded in the system so that compliance is monitored properly and grants are paid accordly ( Velarde & Frnandez, 2011). DSWD claims that the initial implementation of 4Ps has had remarkable results such as the cake of stunting or where the height of a child is less than ideal for ones age due to poor nutr ition. Another is that more women gave cause in hospitals and thus lessening the risks of maternal mortality and health complications for the new-born. DSWDs assessment, however, remains preliminary. (Somera, 2010) The underlying concept of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4 Ps)s, is once individuals are healthy, better fed, and educated, they will be able to overcome poverty in the long run (Valencia, 2009).Related StudiesA study of (Mella.et.al,) stated that The 4Ps intend to provide the basis for this much needed equality by providing the poor people with the education that they could not access otherwise. Malnutrition, which is predominant among extremely poor families, is also expect to decrease. Since it is a prime requirement for beneficiaries to avail of the health services being offered in their healthcenters such as pre- and post-natal services, vaccination, and periodical check-ups before acquiring their money grants, the health and nutrition of the poor familie s are safeguarded. Philippines Conditional Cash Transfer Program Impact Evaluation 2012 by (Chaudhury ,Friedman & Junko Onishi) found that Pantawid Pamilya is meeting the objective of keeping children healthy, as evidenced by a reduction in severe stunting17 among poor children 6-36 months of age, which is expected to have long benefits.Notably, impact evaluations of CCT programs around the world have not proven to reduce stunting at such early stages of program implementation, but Pantawid Pamilya appears to be an exception. The (First ramble of the Impact Evaluation Survey, conducted in 2011) found out that enrolment in preschool and daycare was 70.3 percent among children third to five years old in Pantawid Pamilya barangays. This was 10.3 percentage points higher compared to children in non-Pantawid Pamilya barangays which only resulted to 65.0 percent enrolment. This pattern was also seen in the elementary school level wherein enrolment was higher by 4.5 percentage points am ong children half dozen to 11 years old in Pantawid Pamilya Barangays than the non-program throng baseline rate of 93 percent. These results were also undifferentiated with higher school enrolment.(Carbayas, 2012) also stated that, the DSWD dysphoric that the 4Ps is a stimulus package for the poor mean as social investment rather than uncompounded cash assistance, i.e. dole-out. Cash assistance is given to qualified families provided that the family complies primarily with the conditions set for health and education. Therefore, the 4Ps is not seen as the sole solution to poverty reduction, but the program should be seen on its ability to bring stand poor children to get better education and a healthy life to gain dignity and modernise them for their future. (Mella,Osido & Suing) conclude that the 4Ps is a good example of change the governments capability of distributing the countrys resources to those who are extremely in need.It is undeniable that there are many poor house holds that will benefit from the said program, and that the program covers the basic needs. Likewise, the governments effort in making the countrys educational and health services system inclusive is a huge step towards social mobility and equality. This studies and theories will help us to provide an ideaabout our study. It will give us more information on how Four Ps affect the development of beneficiaries in terms of education. It will serve as our guide and basis of our study.Chapter 3 look into METHODOLOGYThis chapter includes the research methodology, the research locale & the population of the respondents of the study, the research instruments, data assemblying, scoring and quantification of data and statistical treatment.Research DesignThe descriptive research method through the questionnaire as the data gathering instrument will be utilized in order to seek answers to the problems being imposed in the study. It is descriptive, because it will seek to determine the effect o f Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino (Four Ps) program to the academic performance of beneficiaries in Antongalon Elementary School, Antongalon Butuan City .Research LocaleThe study will be conducted at Antongalon Elementary School during the School socio-economic class 2014-2015. This school is located in the small barangay of Antongalon, Butuan City. This school is 1.5 kilometers from the barangay of Ampayon, and can be reached through a jeepney rise from Butuan City.The Population and Respondents of the StudyThe population of the study is undisturbed of the selected pupils who are four Ps beneficiaries in all grade levels of Antongalon Elementary School. There are 73 beneficiaries overall. Since there are only hardly a(prenominal) pupils, a universal sampling was used in the study.Sampling DesignThis study will use the purposive sampling design in which the researchers selected the respondents who will still engage and current participants to the program.Research InstrumentsA survey questionnaire will be used to gather the data on the profile in terms of age, sex, family size, and parents monthly income of the beneficiaries. This questionnaire has two types, the first type is the respondents profile and the second type is for their apprehension when they become a Four Ps beneficiary. The child questionnaire will be classified according to its trend of indication The researchers will sent a letter to the principal of Antongalon Elementary School requesting allowance for the conduct of the study. Once the permission will be granted, the administration of the questionnaire will then be set. On the day set data gathering act, the researchers will personally gave an orientation to the pupils about the nature and purpose of the study. Then the questionnaire will be given and retrieved after the alloted time.The data obtained will be tallied, analyzed and interpreted. hit and Quantification of the DataFor the purpose of interpretation, the data will be quantified u sing the following scalesTable 2. Scaling of the Students ProfileStudents ProfileStatistical treatmentThis study will be use the frequency, percentage, weighted mean, correlational statistics, and t-test statistical tools in analyzing the data gathered from the respondents. The frequency that will be used to determine the profile of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Four Ps) beneficiaries in terms of age, sex, family size, and parents monthly income. The spearman correlation will be used to determine the relationship between the Four Ps program and the Health and condition of beneficiaries with the legislation h(Where r is the correlation valuex- is the independent variabley- is the dependent variablen- is the number of respondents1 and 6 are constantThe t- test will be also utilized to determine the acceptance and rejection of hypothesis with formula shown belowWhere t is the test relationshipy- is the correlation1- constantObservations of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Pr ogram in the field (Chin,2013)http// intercommunicates.adb.org/ web log/observations-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-fieldsthash.qH0LzncW.dpuf) Overall, Pantawid Pamiliya is on track to achieve its objectives of promoting investments in the health and education of children while providing immediate financial support to poor families as highlighted in a recent impact evaluation by Chaudhury et al. (2013) funded by AusAID in coordination with DSWD, World Bank, and ADB. See more at http//blogs.adb.org/blog/observations-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-fieldsthash.qH0LzncW.dpuf Retrieved May 06, 2013 Conditional Cash Transfer Programin the Philippines Is It Reachingthe Extremely Poor?(Reyes&Tabuga)http//dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/dps/pidsdps1242.pdf 4Ps is expected to increase utilization of health services among the poor as theadditional cash they receive will help cover costs and improve nutritionary status ofchildren through increased household income and various counselling and monitoringcomponents of the 4Ps.Overview of the PhilippinesConditional Cash Transfer ProgramThe Pantawid Pamilyang PilipinoProgram(PantawidPamilya)(Fernandez&Olfindo,2011)http//wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/11/000426104_20120611115455/Rendered/PDF/694220BRI0P1180of0 Pantawid0Pamiliya.pdfFor the education grant,the conditionalities help improve the enrollment and schoolattendance rates of children. Children who attend pre-school orday care centers, primary school, or secondary school are requiredto maintain class attendance rates of at least 85 percent per month. Overview of the PhilippinesConditional Cash Transfer ProgramThe Pantawid Pamilyang PilipinoProgram(PantawidPamilya)(Fernandez&Olfindo,2011)http//wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/11/000426104_20120611115455/Rendered/PDF/ 694220BRI0P1180of0Pantawid0Pamiliya.pdf Nearly three years since its launch, the Pantawid Pamilya hasalready shown positive impacts on beneficiary households. Thecash grants increase the household incomes of the poor, while theconditionalities have helped improve the education and healthof their children. anecdotic evidence shows that net education enrollment rates of children in beneficiary households have risen, andthe number of children who warrant de-worming at schools andavail of vaccines from health centers has also increased. RETRIEVED (May 2011)Education for the Poorest Children through Pantawid Pamilya (Formoso,2011)http//pantawid.dswd.gov.ph/index.php/news/229-education-for-the-poorest-children-through-pantawid-pamilya 1,538,592 children beneficiaries of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in different separate of the country are expected to commence the School Year 2010-2011 successfully and level up to the undermentioned