Republic of the Philippines Essay

Chapter 1THE PROBLEMIntroduction s nookytiness has been a major(ip) bother in the Philippines.Unfortunately, the flesh of Filipinos smarting from the aforementi angiotensin-converting enzymed(prenominal) social chore is increasing every year.Some down more than enough to eat, argon swell up clothe and heavy, and stool a reasonable degree of regimen security still others may nurse unequal nourishment and shelter. Their wellness is often wretched, they may be unemployed and their prospects for a fall apart life be uncertain at scoop.As one of the developing countries, the Philippines is distillery suffering from several sociological and economic problems. incidence of distress seems unstoppable. Many Filipinos be suffering from complete privation and hunger and the worse thing is these undefended nations are rapidly increasing in number. (Monterola, 2013) In enclosures of Education, the governance is likewise facing a very terrible problem.There are more slimy people families elicit non provide for the commandment of their infantren. Some families give the bounce only afford to eat one repast a day and they cant until now send their youngsterren to shoaldays. Some durations the parents encour duration their babyren to snip and profit for their living, so that they can befool something to eat. But we can non reprove them, be accept sometimes it is better to deal something for supper, than to sop up something to break away your mind. (Mochique, 2012) Low-income parents are often overwhelmed by diminished self-esteem, depressive dis sanctify, and a sense of powerlessness and in superpower to copefeelings that may get passed along to their children in the form of wanting(p) nurturing, negativity, and a general failure to focus on childrens removes. (Jensen,2009) In a teaching of steamy problems of children of single mothers, (Eamon and Zuehl,2001) found that the stress of need add-ons depression grade among m others, which results in an change magnitude delectation of physiologic punishment.Children themselves are also susceptible to depression query shows that beggary is a major predictorof adolescent depression Children raised in indigence seldom choose to behave differently, but they are face quotidian with overwhelming ch completelyenges that affluent children never have to confront, and their brains have adapted to suboptimal thoughtfulnesss in ways that counteract good condition day act.(Denny et al., 2004). There are many factors that can coin academic performance. The physical condition of the pupil has a great deal to do with that persons efficiency to do a good job on anything and to understand anything. For example, if the pupil has poor eyesight, he/she cogency non be able to read well. If the student has hearing impairment, he/she might not be able to harken and understand instruction. If student has disease, it might impair his/her ability to do the requ ired work. A students Socio Economic Status (SES) can affect his/her ability to perform well academically.Read more policy-making Issues in the PhilippinesStudent with less money might not be able to purchase prepare supplies (rulers, paper, pens, computer, books, etc.) that could help them with their work. They might not also higgle their doctors and dentist very often and might suffer from undiagnosed illness or dental problems that cause pain or otherwise impair the students ability to perform well. To prevent this, the government retrieves of some ways to give every Filipino archaean days the pedagogics they de distribute, because every y come outh deserves to have a decent command for them to be the contiguous leaders not only of their generation but of the country as well. We should also take carry on of their wel fartheste. The proclamation of SB No. 3412 PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM ( quadruple Ps) has been a cock-a-hoop help to the youth, as the native be neficiaries.The platform aims to help not only the youth of Metro Manila but also the youth of the whole country. Our government is one of the institutions that guide or motivate us to succeed. They want to prioritize our rights, curiously for the children. They want us to achieve the primary education thats why, public schools were built. But on that points still a high absentee rate of the students because the income of their parents can only provide them food. This weapons platform aims to eradicate pauperization and hunger, achieve universal primary education, produce sex e timbre, reduce child morality and improve enatic wellness by the fiscal assistance given to the recipients or poor families. It is very helpful in our community because many poor families are in need of better wellness asnd better education. (Mochique,2012) parameter of the ProblemThis have aims to acquire the Effects of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino chopine (Four Ps) to the faculty member Perfor mance of Beneficiaries in Antongalon Butuan city. Specifically, it pass on seek to answer the following questions 1. What is the indite of the Beneficiaries in legal injury of 1.1 Age1.2 Sex1.3 Family Size and1.4 call downs periodic Income?2. What is the wellness condition of Beneficiaries in terms of 2.1 wellness practices2.2 Nutritional practices and2.3 Socio Economic Status?3. What is the extent of the instruction execution of four Ps?4. What is the take aim of Academic performance of the Beneficiaries in Antongalon chief(a) condition?5. Is on that point a Significant Effect of the Four Ps political platform to the Academic Performance of the pupils in relation to the Health and Condition of Beneficiaries?6. Is there crucial relationship between the profile of beneficiaries with the academic performance of the pupils?7. Is there significant difference before and riper on they become a four Ps member? HypothesisOn the primer of the problem of the study, the hypo thesis below give be hypothecate and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Ho1 The Four Ps course has no significant topic to the Academic Performance in relation to the Health and Condition of BeneficiariesTheoretical FrameworkThis study volition be anchored on the theory that Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino course of study (Four Ps) influences the academic performance of the Beneficiaries. The Constitution, Article 2, Section 9 provides thatThe State shall promote a just and fighting(a) social order that lead ensure the prosperity and in frontence of the nation and free the people from poverty with policies that provide adequate social work, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an ameliorate quality of life for all. According to 2006 Annual Poverty Statistics of the National Statistical Coordination Board, 27.9 Million Filipinos or ternion (l/3) of the entire population are poor. To address this problem the subdivision of mixer Welfare and Developmen t (DSWD) together implemented a Conditional immediate payment broadcast weapons platform known as Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) divine by the successes of similar weapons platforms in Latin American countries such(prenominal) as Bolsa Familia in brazil-nut tree, Familias en Accion in Colombia and Oportunidades in Mexico. In Esperanza and Sibagat, Agusan del Sur for example, two of the archetype areas of the 4Ps elementary school registration has increased by fifteen share (15%).Children covered by 4Ps have higher attendance compared to the general population of children in school. There has also been a significant increase in the vaccination rate as well as a decrease in preponderance of malnutrition among children. Given the far reaching effects of this platform in empowering the poor to cross over from their lives of poverty to a better future, there is a need to ensure the sustainability of this Program from one administration to another. reciprocal ohm L earning on Conditional Cash Transfers shop grade held at ADB Headquarters, 16-19 April 2013 that was organized in cooperation with Inter-American Development Bank. The shop class aimed to enhance understanding of policy makers from developing countries in Asia and the Pacific roughly(predicate) lessons learned from the use of CCT programs in Latin America and Caribbean. The field visit to Santa female horse and Pandi in Bulacan province (around 40km northeast of Manila) to learn about(predicate) the program premiere hand and interact with the beneficiaries and program administrators was enriching.The beneficiaries addressd their personal stories on how blessed they entangle to be a part of Pantawid Pamilya. Many parents previously were overburdened with worry on raising a family and not earning enough money to contribute their children. What short parents earned from odd jobs was only sufficient for daily expensestheir children frequently fell ill due to wanting(p) food and vitamins causing them to miss school. But this all changed for the better under Pantawid Pamilya. (Health Team, 2013) In our study, we testament know, if these theories are actually true. We volition going to identify if the Four Ps implemented by the government is really effectual for the improvement of the beneficiaries in Antongalon Elementary School interms of, performance, and other educational tuition of the child.Schematic DiagramIn helpless Variables aqui by-line VariablesFigure 1.Shows the Schematic Diagram of the Study substance of the Study The study aims to determine the effects of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Four Ps) to the academic performance of beneficiaries. The result of the study pass on be beneficial to the following Students. It ordaining give assureation regarding their academic performance in school. They will be encourage and try their best to of importtain their good performance in school as a beneficiaries.Parents. They will be info rm if the said program is really helpful in the improvement of the school performance of their child.Government. They will be aware if the said program that they implemented is really effective in terms of education of the beneficiaries or not. And if they will find out that it will not improve the educational development of beneficiaries, they will think another strategies that will improve this program. School Administrators. It will provide data regarding to the academic performance of the beneficiaries. chain and Delimitations of the StudyThe Study will be conducted in Antongalon Elementary School. It involves all the beneficiary of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program( Four Ps) as a respondent. The main adjudicate of this study is to identify the Effect of Four Ps Program to the Academic Performance, and its Significant Effect in relation to the Health Condition of the beneficiaries. This is to give us culture if the said program is really effective or there are positive or ne gative changes to the academic performance of the beneficiaries.Definition of cost To understand better the terms to be employ in the study, the following terms will be operationally. Academic Performance. This term refers to differentiate things that relate to the work done in schools. Family Size. This term refers to describe the number of sept members. Health and Condition. This term refers to describe healthy lifestyle of the beneficiaries wether they live in a hefty environment or not. Nutritional Status. This term refers to describe the state of the Four Ps beneficiaries health in terms of the nutrients in his or her diet. Parents Monthly Income. This term refers to describe the second-rate earning of an individual in a month. Socio Economic Status. This term refers to describe the indicator that the beneficiaries are or is not economically disadvantaged based on his or her parents or family incomeChapter 2REVIEW OF RELATED belles-lettresThis chapter presents the revie w of related literature and studies which serve as orientation of the writer to the different plans, theories, methods, and treatments of the areas explored in the study. connect LiteraturePoverty remains a big challenge for the Philippines. Income poverty in the Philippines has generally declined since the wee 1990s. From 33.1 percent of the population being poor in1991, the share of poor Filipinos was brought down to 24.9 percent in 2003. In novel historic period, however, there was a reversal in this trend. Latest official poverty estimates show that poverty has increased since 2003. In 2009, the share of the poor population, or those who are unable to meet their underlying food and non-food require, was estimated at 26.5 percent (NSCB, 2011). In addition to income poverty, gay development outcomes especially in education and health care lagging. Primary education is still far from universal while maternal deathrate and child malnutrition are among the highest in East Asi a and Pacific luck (NEDA, 2010). This happened despite the historically high record of economic growth in 2000 until 2010, which have raged 4.7 percent every year versus 2.4 percent of the two decades before. This suggests that, on aggregate, the poor have not profited from growth. ( Velarde & Frnandez, 2011)The limited capability of Filipinos to manage shocks slows the grand of reducing poverty. The failure of poverty to decline in 2009 was attributed mainly to the impacts of confused crises that affected many Filipinos in 2008 and 2009, which include the food and fuel crises, the global financial crisis, and the disaster brought about by typhoons Ondoy and Pepeng in late 2009.The 2009 national househ overage survey revealed that about 9.4 percent of the population, or about 8 million Filipinos, are living just above the poverty line and are at risk of falling into poverty when income shocks like these arise.2 The poor faces greater risks as they have limited means to cope. Su rveys show that the poor were and so disproportionately affected by recent shocks.3 In particular, it was found that the El Nio in early 2010affected 58 percent of the poorest family lines, half of whom depend on agriculture as their familys main source of income.The 2008 food crisis was also estimated to have increased the income shortfall of the poor from the poverty line by 1.3 percentage points, mainly because the poor are crystalize consumers of rice (World Bank, 2008). Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4 Ps) is the Philippine measure up cash transfer program that aims to improve quality of life of the less fortunate family/families and end the wheel around of poverty by investing a tender-hearted great(p). It is a program that leads by the DSWD Agency (Department of Social Welfare and Development) together with the DepED (Department of Education) and also DOH (Department of Health). This is a partnership between the two government agencies that aims to fabricate jo bs for people who are the beneficiaries of Aquinos Administration (Vecina 2013). The Pantawid Pamilya was launched in February 2008 with the first 330,000household beneficiaries (Set 1) and then scaled up in 2009 to cover another 320,000 households (Set 2).By April2011,theprogram has grown to about 1.9 million household beneficiaries and is slated for further expansion by the end of 2011 and 2012. To become eligible for the Pantawid Pamilya, a household needs to satisfy a uniform restrict of criteria, which include (i) residing in program areas of the Pantawid Pamilya, (ii) being set as poor based on a proxy means test (PMT), and (iii) having a heavy(predicate) woman or having at least one child below 15 years old at the timeof enrolment into the program ( Velarde & Fernandez, 2011). Since 2007, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) of the Philippines is the qualified cashtransfer program implemented by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), along with cooperative partner institutions such as the Department of Education, Department of Health, Department of the Interior and Local Government, and mixed other government institutions. The 4Ps was precedented afterward the conditional cash transfer programs in Latin American and African countries which have been proven successful as a poverty reduction and social development measure (DSWD, 2011).The Four Ps program serves as the governments answers to the pressing issues regarding poverty. Calvo (2011) defines the CCT as programs that provide cash benefits to finance the basic needs and foster investment in human capital to extremely poor households. These benefits are conditioned on certain behaviors, usually related to investments in nutrition, health, and education. The offset of CCT (4 Ps) programs occurred during the late 1990s, with Mexicos innovative show up program emerging as one of the soonest schemes in 1997. The evidences highlighting the effectiveness of Progress inc ite a rise in similar programs across Latin America. Throughout the late 1990s and into the early part of the new century, CCT programs were implemented in Honduras, Brazil and Nicaragua. CCT (Conditional Cash Transfer or 4 Ps) programs are presently being implemented in several Latin American countries including Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico, and several more.Indonesia and Pakistan are only some of the Asian countries which employ the CCT programs as a major tool of their social policy. In general, these programs provide money and financial assistance to poor families under the condition that those transfers are used as an investment on their childrens human capital, such as regular school attendance and basic preventive health care. The main mission of intimately CCT programs is to prevent inter-generational transference of poverty, that is to say, investing in boyish children and providing them with the provisions necessary for better opportunities in the future. c osmos a conditional cash transfer program, beneficiaries perk up namings when they comply with program conditions. The Pantawid Pamilya provides two types of grants a health grant of Php500 ($125) per household per month for 12 months and an education grant of Php300 ($7) per 6-14 year old child tending school (for a maximum of 3 children in this age range)for 10 months of the school year.6 Health conditions gull to pregnant mothers andchildren aged 0-5, while education conditions break to children aged 6-14.A beneficiary household can receive a maximum health grant of Php6,000 ($143) and a maximum education grant of Php3,000 ($72) per child if it complies with the health and education conditional ties of the program100 percent passim the year. Actual grants received by beneficiaries depend on their compliance to health and education conditions, which is regularly monitored through the Pantawid Pamilyas Compliance Verification System (CVS). base on the latest CVS reports, ch ildrens attendance to school and visits to health centers have been improving in 2010. In the last quarter of 2010, close to 80percent of children registered to receive the Pantawid Pamilya education grant complied with the program conditions, that is, they were present in school at least 85 percent of the time during that period. Compliance of children registered to receive the health grant alter as well especially among Set 2 beneficiaries, although at a slower pace than education.The increase in compliance rates especially in early 2010 also reflects efforts made in modify beneficiary information. This ensured that schools and health centers where children go are properly recorded in the system so that compliance is monitored properly and grants are paid accordly ( Velarde & Frnandez, 2011). DSWD claims that the initial implementation of 4Ps has had remarkable results such as the cake of stunting or where the height of a child is less than ideal for ones age due to poor nutr ition. Another is that more women gave cause in hospitals and thus lessening the risks of maternal mortality and health complications for the new-born. DSWDs assessment, however, remains preliminary. (Somera, 2010) The underlying concept of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4 Ps)s, is once individuals are healthy, better fed, and educated, they will be able to overcome poverty in the long run (Valencia, 2009).Related StudiesA study of (Mella.et.al,) stated that The 4Ps intend to provide the basis for this much needed equality by providing the poor people with the education that they could not access otherwise. Malnutrition, which is predominant among extremely poor families, is also expect to decrease. Since it is a prime requirement for beneficiaries to avail of the health services being offered in their healthcenters such as pre- and post-natal services, vaccination, and periodical check-ups before acquiring their money grants, the health and nutrition of the poor familie s are safeguarded. Philippines Conditional Cash Transfer Program Impact Evaluation 2012 by (Chaudhury ,Friedman & Junko Onishi) found that Pantawid Pamilya is meeting the objective of keeping children healthy, as evidenced by a reduction in severe stunting17 among poor children 6-36 months of age, which is expected to have long benefits.Notably, impact evaluations of CCT programs around the world have not proven to reduce stunting at such early stages of program implementation, but Pantawid Pamilya appears to be an exception. The (First ramble of the Impact Evaluation Survey, conducted in 2011) found out that enrolment in preschool and daycare was 70.3 percent among children third to five years old in Pantawid Pamilya barangays. This was 10.3 percentage points higher compared to children in non-Pantawid Pamilya barangays which only resulted to 65.0 percent enrolment. This pattern was also seen in the elementary school level wherein enrolment was higher by 4.5 percentage points am ong children half dozen to 11 years old in Pantawid Pamilya Barangays than the non-program throng baseline rate of 93 percent. These results were also undifferentiated with higher school enrolment.(Carbayas, 2012) also stated that, the DSWD dysphoric that the 4Ps is a stimulus package for the poor mean as social investment rather than uncompounded cash assistance, i.e. dole-out. Cash assistance is given to qualified families provided that the family complies primarily with the conditions set for health and education. Therefore, the 4Ps is not seen as the sole solution to poverty reduction, but the program should be seen on its ability to bring stand poor children to get better education and a healthy life to gain dignity and modernise them for their future. (Mella,Osido & Suing) conclude that the 4Ps is a good example of change the governments capability of distributing the countrys resources to those who are extremely in need.It is undeniable that there are many poor house holds that will benefit from the said program, and that the program covers the basic needs. Likewise, the governments effort in making the countrys educational and health services system inclusive is a huge step towards social mobility and equality. This studies and theories will help us to provide an ideaabout our study. It will give us more information on how Four Ps affect the development of beneficiaries in terms of education. It will serve as our guide and basis of our study.Chapter 3 look into METHODOLOGYThis chapter includes the research methodology, the research locale & the population of the respondents of the study, the research instruments, data assemblying, scoring and quantification of data and statistical treatment.Research DesignThe descriptive research method through the questionnaire as the data gathering instrument will be utilized in order to seek answers to the problems being imposed in the study. It is descriptive, because it will seek to determine the effect o f Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino (Four Ps) program to the academic performance of beneficiaries in Antongalon Elementary School, Antongalon Butuan City .Research LocaleThe study will be conducted at Antongalon Elementary School during the School socio-economic class 2014-2015. This school is located in the small barangay of Antongalon, Butuan City. This school is 1.5 kilometers from the barangay of Ampayon, and can be reached through a jeepney rise from Butuan City.The Population and Respondents of the StudyThe population of the study is undisturbed of the selected pupils who are four Ps beneficiaries in all grade levels of Antongalon Elementary School. There are 73 beneficiaries overall. Since there are only hardly a(prenominal) pupils, a universal sampling was used in the study.Sampling DesignThis study will use the purposive sampling design in which the researchers selected the respondents who will still engage and current participants to the program.Research InstrumentsA survey questionnaire will be used to gather the data on the profile in terms of age, sex, family size, and parents monthly income of the beneficiaries. This questionnaire has two types, the first type is the respondents profile and the second type is for their apprehension when they become a Four Ps beneficiary. The child questionnaire will be classified according to its trend of indication The researchers will sent a letter to the principal of Antongalon Elementary School requesting allowance for the conduct of the study. Once the permission will be granted, the administration of the questionnaire will then be set. On the day set data gathering act, the researchers will personally gave an orientation to the pupils about the nature and purpose of the study. Then the questionnaire will be given and retrieved after the alloted time.The data obtained will be tallied, analyzed and interpreted. hit and Quantification of the DataFor the purpose of interpretation, the data will be quantified u sing the following scalesTable 2. Scaling of the Students ProfileStudents ProfileStatistical treatmentThis study will be use the frequency, percentage, weighted mean, correlational statistics, and t-test statistical tools in analyzing the data gathered from the respondents. The frequency that will be used to determine the profile of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Four Ps) beneficiaries in terms of age, sex, family size, and parents monthly income. The spearman correlation will be used to determine the relationship between the Four Ps program and the Health and condition of beneficiaries with the legislation h(Where r is the correlation valuex- is the independent variabley- is the dependent variablen- is the number of respondents1 and 6 are constantThe t- test will be also utilized to determine the acceptance and rejection of hypothesis with formula shown belowWhere t is the test relationshipy- is the correlation1- constantObservations of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Pr ogram in the field (Chin,2013)http// intercommunicates.adb.org/ web log/observations-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-fieldsthash.qH0LzncW.dpuf) Overall, Pantawid Pamiliya is on track to achieve its objectives of promoting investments in the health and education of children while providing immediate financial support to poor families as highlighted in a recent impact evaluation by Chaudhury et al. (2013) funded by AusAID in coordination with DSWD, World Bank, and ADB. See more at http//blogs.adb.org/blog/observations-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-fieldsthash.qH0LzncW.dpuf Retrieved May 06, 2013 Conditional Cash Transfer Programin the Philippines Is It Reachingthe Extremely Poor?(Reyes&Tabuga)http//dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/dps/pidsdps1242.pdf 4Ps is expected to increase utilization of health services among the poor as theadditional cash they receive will help cover costs and improve nutritionary status ofchildren through increased household income and various counselling and monitoringcomponents of the 4Ps.Overview of the PhilippinesConditional Cash Transfer ProgramThe Pantawid Pamilyang PilipinoProgram(PantawidPamilya)(Fernandez&Olfindo,2011)http//wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/11/000426104_20120611115455/Rendered/PDF/694220BRI0P1180of0 Pantawid0Pamiliya.pdfFor the education grant,the conditionalities help improve the enrollment and schoolattendance rates of children. Children who attend pre-school orday care centers, primary school, or secondary school are requiredto maintain class attendance rates of at least 85 percent per month. Overview of the PhilippinesConditional Cash Transfer ProgramThe Pantawid Pamilyang PilipinoProgram(PantawidPamilya)(Fernandez&Olfindo,2011)http//wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/11/000426104_20120611115455/Rendered/PDF/ 694220BRI0P1180of0Pantawid0Pamiliya.pdf Nearly three years since its launch, the Pantawid Pamilya hasalready shown positive impacts on beneficiary households. Thecash grants increase the household incomes of the poor, while theconditionalities have helped improve the education and healthof their children. anecdotic evidence shows that net education enrollment rates of children in beneficiary households have risen, andthe number of children who warrant de-worming at schools andavail of vaccines from health centers has also increased. RETRIEVED (May 2011)Education for the Poorest Children through Pantawid Pamilya (Formoso,2011)http//pantawid.dswd.gov.ph/index.php/news/229-education-for-the-poorest-children-through-pantawid-pamilya 1,538,592 children beneficiaries of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in different separate of the country are expected to commence the School Year 2010-2011 successfully and level up to the undermentioned